Following India's retaliatory strikes under Operation Sindoor on May 7, 2025, a large-scale hacktivist campaign dubbed #OpIndia was launched by over 40 ideologically driven groups from the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and other regions. Triggered within 48 hours of the April 22 Pahalgam terror attack, the campaign aimed to disrupt Indian digital infrastructure through website defacements, distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, and propaganda dissemination. Targets included government portals, healthcare institutions, educational platforms, banks, and professional services, with states like Delhi, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, and border regions bearing the brunt. Despite the volume, the technical impact remained minimal—most attacks were unsophisticated and short-lived, with no confirmed breaches of critical infrastructure. Groups such as Keymous+, AnonSec, and Nation of Saviors coordinated their actions to align with military events, using social media to amplify visibility and psychological effect. The campaign underscores a growing trend of hacktivism that prioritizes perception over technical damage, highlighting the need for enhanced narrative defense alongside cybersecurity preparedness.

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